Introduction to Computers: Software

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Software

Software, commonly known as programs or apps, consists of all the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform (выполнять) a task. These instructions come from a software developer in the form that will be accepted by the platform (operating system + CPU) that they are based on. For example, a program that is designed for the Windows operating system will only work for that specific operating system. Compatibility (совместимость) of software will vary (отличаться) as the design of the software and the operating system differ.

Software is capable of (способно) performing many tasks, as opposed to hardware which can only perform mechanical tasks that they are designed for. Software provides the means for accomplishing (выполнение) many different tasks with the same basic hardware. Practical computer systems divide software systems into two major classes:

• System software: Helps run the computer hardware and computer system itself. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more. System software is almost always pre-installed on your computer.
• Application software: Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. It includes word processing, web browsing and almost any other task for which you might install software. (Some application software is pre-installed on most computer systems.)

Software is generally created (written) in a high-level programming language, one that is (more or less) readable by people. These high-level instructions are converted into “machine language” instructions, represented in binary code, before the hardware can “run the code”. When you install software, it is generally already in this machine language, binary, form.